What is capitalism?
...an economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods. The production of goods and services is based on supply and demand in the general marketāknown as a market economyārather than through central planningāknown as a planned economy or command economy.
Basically, capitalism can be bad if one engages in anarcho-capitalism or capitalism without government regulation. It would be insane to have businesses competing with each other without rules to govern them. Democracy isn't an absence of rules either--that would be anarchy. Rules are applied such as businesses will have to pay taxes, treat workers properly, provide worker benefits (which are paid through government offices), the fair competition act, laws governing both lessors and tenants, and the like are mandated to control the business atmosphere. I could kick out a bad tenant because the government has given me that power. Meanwhile, I can't kick a tenant out of spite because the government doesn't allow it. These rules balance the business atmosphere. This is basically the government's regulated capitalism. Some may call it a mixed economy where government and private enterprises are at work.
The argument of the anti-capitalist is to abolish private property or the right to own property. This is pretty much part of Karl Marx's 10 Planks of Communism--the abolition of private property. This was the very system that was done by infamous dead tyrants such as Pol Pot (whose reign was rather cut short), Mao Zedong, and Kim Il Sung (founder of the Kim Dynasty). Mao tried to prove Communism's superiority during the Great Leap Forward--something history has recorded to be rather unfavorable one way or another. Mao's insane scheme confiscated private property (which began with the landlords) and transferred them as his private property. Mao set up unrealistic quotas and gave poor materials, to begin with--that's why the Great Leap Forward was a failure. Today, North Korea stands as a testament to why anti-capitalism doesn't work--except for the Kim Dynasty.
If anti-capitalists want to be consistent--they should really reject anything produced out of exploitation. Some people defected from North Korea to South Korea so they can use resources freely without using the government's provisions for long. They should start manufacturing everything themselves first. It's because if they can manufacture better products themselves then they can truly have the right to overthrow capitalism. If not, they really are just all talk and no walk.
How capitalist production with reasonable restrictions work
How did competition between private enterprises improve production? The government made a set of rules. Such rules would prevent private enterprises from stealing intellectual property from each other. Such rules would require businesses to pay taxes and treat their workers right. If you want to be on top--you need to follow the rules meant to protect the business environment. Since there are rules for the protection of intellectual property rights--businesses will have to be as creative as possible. It's pretty much like how food industries will have to make sure their dishes taste good without stealing someone's secret formula. The result of competition while having an intellectual property rights law will make unique products. It's like how one milk tea store differs from another. It's like how one smartphone differs from another. Many products are different from one another because the government sets an intellectual property law while allowing private enterprises to fill the supply/demand gap. That means foreign direct investors (FDIs) can't steal intellectual property rights from Filipino investors or mistreat Filipino workers. It's because once registered as a business competitor--you need to follow the rules.
Besides, the government ends up benefiting from the private enterprises too. A good example is how some private enterprises' venues were used during the COVID-19 vaccination. Some malls today even become extensions for government offices. I remembered going to Robinsons' Galleria to get my Social Security ID. I remembered going to the University of Cebu-Downtown to get my first two COVID-19 shots. Government offices end up getting filled with capitalist devices. Governments end up hiring the services of private construction firms to build public works and highways. Government offices may end up catering from a restaurant for their Christmas parties. If the national government seized all production then government offices will eventually be forced to use substandard products. Government websites would probably hang up a lot more if there were no private servers. It's a balance between government and private enterprise that makes good governance.
What we need is a balance between private ownership and government. A government that supports capitalism is a good government. Though, one can argue that China and Vietnam have a free market (in which economic exchange is free from coercive government influence) while they remain as Communist countries. However, both Communist countries still have a certain degree of private enterprises even when ownership of land is hardly allowed. What we need is a government that has reasonable regulations for capitalism. Government should be regulating capitalism instead of overly restricting it. The lesson can be learned from the rise of power in countries like Taiwan, Singapore, and South Korea.